present+perfect+simple


 * PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE**


 * FORM **


 * AFFIRMATIVE **


 * subject + //HAVE / HAS// + past participle**


 * Full form**

I **//have gone//** you **//have gone//** he **//has gone//** she **//has gone//** it **//has gone//** we **//have gone//** you **//have gone//** they **//have gone//**


 * Contracted form**

I’**//ve gone//** you’**//ve gone//** he’**//s gone//** she’**//s gone//** it’**//s gone//** we’**//ve gone//** you’**//ve gone//** they’**//ve gone//**


 * NEGATIVE **


 * subject + //HAVE / HAS// + //NOT// + past participle**


 * Full form**

I **//have not gone//** you **//have not gone//** he **//has not gone//** she **//has not gone//** it **//has not gone//** we **//have not gone//** you **//have not gone//** they **//have not gone//**


 * Contracted form**

I **//haven’t gone//** you **//haven’t gone//** he **//hasn’t gone//** she **//hasn’t gone//** it **//hasn’t gone//** we **//haven’t gone//** you **//haven’t gone//** they **//haven’t gone//**


 * INTERROGATIVE **


 * //HAVE / HAS//** **+ subject + past participle**


 * //have//** I **//got//**?
 * //have//** you **//got//**?
 * //has//** he **//got//**?
 * //has//** she **//got//**?
 * //has//** it **//got//**?
 * //have//** we **//got//**?
 * //have//** you **//got//**?
 * //have//** they **//got//**?


 * SHORT ANSWERS **

Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t. Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t. Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t. Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.


 * USES **

1. Action that began in the past and continues in the present. //Example:// I have studied English for ten years (= I started 10 years ago and I still study English).

2. Action that finished in the past but has an influence on the present. //Example:// I have lost my key (= I cannot find it now).

3. Action that has taken place one, never, or several times before the time of speaking. //Example:// I have been to Italy three times.

4. Action that stopped recently. //Example:// She has finished her homework.


 * ADVERBS **

//Example:// I've studied English for ten years.
 * FOR: **(= “durante”); when the period of time is given (2 minutes, five hours, 10 days, a long time, ages...)

//Example:// I've studied English since 2002.
 * SINCE: **(= “desde”); when the starting point of an action is given (2006, January, last week, 2 years ago...)

See and practise the difference between //for// and //since// here.

//Example:// I’ve just cooked dinner (= “**acabo de** preparer la cena”)
 * JUST: **(= “acabar de”); before the past participle; it indicates that the action has finished very recently.

//Example:// I’ve already done my homework
 * ALREADY: ** (= “ya”); before the past participle; it indicates that the action has been done.


 * YET: **at the end of the sentence
 * With NEGATIVE sentences = “todavía”; //Example:// I haven’t finished my homework yet.
 * With QUESTIONS = “ya”; //Example:// Have you finished your homework yet?

//Example:// Have you ever been to Italy?
 * EVER: **(= “alguna vez”); usually in questions; before the past participle.

//Example:// I’ve never been to Italy.
 * NEVER: **(= “nunca”); with affirmative sentences; before the past participle.

//Example:// So far, he hasn’t failed any exams.
 * SO FAR: **(= “hasta ahora”); at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

For a printed version of this explanation, click

BEEN OR GONE?

 * **been:** completed visits, e.g. I've been to New York (I'm not there now; I'm back).
 * **gone:** the person has not returned, e.g. Mary's gone to the supermarket (she is there now)

[|exercise 1] [|exercise 2] [|exercise 3]


 * EXERCISES**

[|exercise 1 (affirmative sentences)] [|exercise 2 (affirmative sentences)] [|exercise 3 (affirmative sentences)] [|exercise 4 (affirmative sentences)] [|exercise 5 (affirmative sentences)] [|exercise 6 (negative sentences)] [|exercise 7 (negative sentences)] [|exercise 8 (negative sentences)] [|exercise 9 (negative sentences)] [|exercise 10 (questions)] [|exercise 11 (questions)] [|exercise 12 (questions)] [|exercise 13 (questions)] [|exercise 14 (questions)] [|exercise 15 (questions)] [|exercise 16 (short answers)] [|exercise 17 (all sentence types)] [|exercise 18 (all sentence types)] [|exercise 19 (all sentence types)] [|exercise 20 (all sentence types)] [|exercise 21 (all sentence types)]