reported+speech+-+statements

// Example: // “I live in Madrid,” she said. ** REPORTED SPEECH: ** saying what someone else has said, but without quoting literally. // Example: // She said that she lived in Madrid. If we look at the examples below, we can see some differences: “I live in Madrid,” she said. || ** REPORTED SPEECH ** She said that she lived in Madrid. || We can identify some basic changes when we transform a sentence in direct speech into reported speech. Let’s analyse them: Personal pronouns (//I, you, he, she…//), object pronouns (//me, you, him, her…//), possessive adjectives (//my, your, his, her…//), etc. can change depending on **who** is speaking and **about whom**. //Example:// “**I** love **my** dog,” he said (direct speech) Hesaid that **he** loved **his** dog (reported speech)
 * DIRECT SPEECH: ** quoting literally what someone else has said; we use quotation marks (“”)**:**
 * ** DIRECT SPEECH **
 * Quotation marks ||  No quotation marks  ||
 * Present tense ||  Past tense  ||
 * “I” ||  “She”  ||
 * 1. **** PRONOUN CHANGE: **

See the table below: This change takes place in **STATEMENTS** and **QUESTIONS**. See the table below: ** REPORTED STATEMENTS ** - **// say //** : usually followed by //that// + sentence. It can also be followed by //to// + person + //that// + sentence. // Example: // He **said that** he was tired. He **said to me that** he was tired. - **// tell: //** usually followed by an object pronoun (//me, you, him…//). // Example: // He **told me that** he was tired. - **// OTHER VERBS: //** admit, affirm, announce, answer, apologise, argue, claim, comment, complain, declare, explain, indicate, inform, insist, mention, remind, reply, state… ** Structure of a reported statement: ** subject + **said** + that + subject + verb + complement **ONLINE EXERCISES**  exercise 1  exercise 2  exercise 3  exercise 4  exercise 5
 * 2. **** EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND LOCATION: **
 * ** REPORTED SPEECH ** || ** DIRECT SPEECH ** ||
 * now || then ||
 * today || that day ||
 * tonight || that night ||
 * tomorrow || the following day/the day after ||
 * yesterday || the previous day/the day before ||
 * last (week, month…) || the previous (week, month…) ||
 * the day before yesterday || two days before ||
 * the day after tomorrow || two days later ||
 * ago || before ||
 * next (week, month…) || the following (week, month…) ||
 * here || there ||
 * this || that ||
 * these || those ||
 * 3. **** VERB TENSE CHANGE: **
 * ** DIRECT SPEECH ** ||  ** REPORTED SPEECH **  ||
 * present simple (//I do//) ||  past simple (//I did//)  ||
 * present continuous (//I am doing//) ||  past continuous (//I was doing//)  ||
 * past simple (//I did//) ||  past perfect simple (//I had done//)  ||
 * past continuous (//I was doing//) ||  past perfect continuous (//I had been doing//)  ||
 * present perfect simple (//I have done//) ||  past perfect simple (//I had done//)  ||
 * present perfect continuous (//I have been doing//) ||  past perfect continuous (//I had been doing//)  ||
 * past perfect simple (//I had done//) ||  =  ||
 * past perfect continuous (//I had been doing//) ||  =  ||
 * future simple (//I will do//) ||  conditional (//would//)  ||
 * // am/is/are going to // || // was/were going to // ||
 * conditional (//would//) ||  =  ||
 * // have to, must // || // had to // ||
 * // can // || // could // ||
 * // could // || =  ||
 * // may, might // || // might // ||
 * // should, ought to // || =  ||
 * The most common verbs we use in reported statements are:
 * All the changes previously mentioned (pronouns, expressions of time and place, and verb tenses) must be applied in this type of sentences.